Amid growing concerns over information integrity, disinformation has evolved into a broader and more complex phenomenon now recognized as Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), posing significant threats to democratic governance. This article explores how Taiwan has harnessed the strength of its vital civil society to counter disinformation as an illustration of “civic constitutionalism,” in which nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and engaged citizens collaborate to advance shared interests and values through sustained engagement in public policy and political institutions. Taiwan's example demonstrates that a civil society-driven approach can provide a viable alternative to both platform self-regulation and direct government regulation. The findings reveal that Taiwan's NGOs and engaged citizens, through fact-checking initiatives, public advocacy, and digital literacy programs, have played a pivotal role in detecting and countering disinformation. These actions have not only compelled governmental responses to foreign information warfare but also acted as a check against excessive state control over online platforms. By fostering constructive collaboration between civil society, governmental bodies, and digital platforms, Taiwan offers a practical model of democratic resilience against the multifaceted challenges of digital threats.
Policy Implications
- Strengthen Civil Society Initiatives: Empowering civil society allows for decentralized, community-driven responses to disinformation while avoiding excessive state intervention. Therefore, governments should provide financial and logistical support to independent fact-checking organizations and media literacy programs.
- Promote Cross-Sector Collaboration: A tripartite approach involving the government, civil society, and online platforms should be institutionalized. Regular consultations and joint initiatives can improve information-sharing and rapid response capabilities to counter disinformation effectively.
- Enhance Public Digital Literacy: Education systems should integrate media literacy curricula at all levels to equip citizens with critical thinking skills necessary for evaluating online content.
- Ensure Government Transparency: Governments must proactively disclose information on disinformation threats and responses.
- Develop Regional and International Cooperation: Given the transnational nature of disinformation campaigns, Taiwan and other democratic nations should collaborate to share best practices, develop joint counter-disinformation strategies, and establish legal frameworks for cross-border digital governance.
Photo by Joshua Miranda